Global Journalism Review

 

The media at war in Iraq

Adam Christie takes a sideways look

'Rooftop journalism', eminent former BBC television correspondent Martin Bell has written, is not the same as 'real journalism'. Bell means that reporters standing for hours doing 'two-ways' with studio news presenters cannot give as good a picture of any occurrence as those who have been finding out exactly what has been going on.
The latest volume, Embedded: the media at war in
Iraq - an oral history,  is an example of 'rooftop' book writing. The compilers - rather than authors - Bill Katovsky
and Timothy Carlson - interviewed more than 60 journalists and broadcast production staff who were in
Iraq for periods of time between February and
May 2003.
Apart from a brief introduction, they have let the transcribed interviews speak for themselves. While the individuals' accounts are fascinating, Katovsky and Carlson have
revealed a - primarily American media - a relatively naive and insular. The stories the reporters tell are of the details of the conflict, rather than the bigger picture. Few, if any, appreciated, as embedded reporters, that individual unit commanders would probably have no more idea of the 'bigger picture' than they wood.
Consequently, their stories are about individuals, small units, those in
Iraq whom they met, or saw dead or injured.
One organisation which does emerge from the accounts extremely creditably is the BBC.
Initial reactions
Embedded documents initial reactions to the conflict, but - like so much of the television its contributors produced - it is quite vacuous, a missed
opportunity and would have been far strong by being more analytical, providing a stronger context and being more critical.
A far shorter collection of essays published in the summer 2003 edition of The Journalists' Handbook, admittedly written by other interested observers
as well as another BBC journalist Catherine Wyatt, probably contributes more to the wealth of wisdom.
Embedded is raw material; unfortunately others' perspectives – produced equally quickly - have quickly revealed that it is narrow, disappointing and
an opportunity missed.

Embedded; the media at war in
Iraq - an oral history, Bill Katovsky and
Timothy Carlson, The
Lyons Press, Guildford CT, 2003, ISBN 1-59228-265-2
The Journalists' Handbook, No 73, Summer 2003, Standfirst Publishing,
Kilmarnock.


Adam Christie shoots and leaves

The Daily Telegraph probably paid greatest homage to Lynne Truss's surprise best-seller when, in December 2003, its picture editor chose to run a cute
photograph of a baby panda. Only the timing could explain why a sub started the caption: 'Eats, shoots
and leaves'.
The surprise commercial success of the book in the
UK in late 2003 showed that Ms Truss really has produced a valuable and readable guide to
punctuation.
She admits that she has become dogmatic, didactic, pedantic even, in pursuit of misplaced apostrophes, but her guide to using commas and her pleading for
the retention of the colon and semi-colon are admirable. The book is not quite flawless. Ms Truss will probably upset some die-hard,
experienced sub-editors by confusing punctuation and style towards the end
of the book.
Newspaper design - with columns and keeping the use of upper-case characters to a minimum - is based on visual perception, so that papers are easy,
comfortable and quick to read. Ironically, typography developed before scientific psychologists started measuring such factors.
Language, especially in the use of words, may be continually evolving, but its grammatical foundations must remain constant if we are to understand one
another. Grammar has changed far less than words.
Nuances
Lynne Truss documents changes in the nuances of punctuation marks, between different languages and as printing technology has developed, but she does
acknowledge that underneath all that, the basic sentence structure of subject, verb and object has remained constant.
Some may have mocked her - by omitting punctuation. Even without full stops and capital letters, those columns were all based on such sentences. The
reader was obliged to read slowly, playing the puzzle of trying to 'place the point'.
That more people around the world use English as a second or third language than any other is a perspective which increases the importance of precise
punctuation for accurate and effective communication.
Any practising sub will confirm that typography's evolution continues too.  Some believe that colons and semi-colons are difficult to read on computer
screens and therefore should not be used 'online'. Others fret about using dashes and brackets. Should on-screen quotemarks be double or single?
Such discussions are largely absent from Ms Truss's otherwise excellent contribution to the important and continuing debate about global
communication and the English language.
Nevertheless, most of her observations should not be new to any working journalist. However, as one training centre has reportedly had to introduce
remedial English classes for its students, that hope may be optimistic.
For those with experience - whether they are in broadcasting or in print, subs or reporters - taking a few hours to review existing practice will be
time well spend. For newcomers or those with aspirations, with Harold Evans' Essential English, this book really is compulsory reading.

Eats, Shoots and Leaves, Lynne Truss, Profile Books,
London, 2003, ISBN 1
86197 612 7